Investigators assessed severity (0 = not present, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, or 3 = severe) of clinical signs and architectural changes present before adjunctive study interventions and at follow-up visits. Subjects maintained existing topical corticosteroid and any exogenous hormone treatment during the study. Women with a diagnosis of VLS supported by histologic findings on biopsy and/or clinical signs on physical examination received up to five monthly laser treatments. Outcomes were evaluated up to 12 months after a series of CO 2 laser treatments delivered via a fractional handpiece. This study evaluated the efficacy of fractional CO 2 laser treatments as adjunctive therapy where recalcitrant VLS had been improved, but not adequately controlled, with topical corticosteroid treatment. First-line topical corticosteroid as monotherapy is frequently not adequate to fully suppress disease activity and control symptoms. Uncontrolled vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is often associated with distressful symptoms of genital itch, irritation, and pain and can lead to a pathological process including anatomical changes, scarring, and an elevated risk of cancer in the genital area.
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